Quran and Hadith Studies

Quran and Hadith Studies

An Analysis of the Relationship between “Reason-Based Management” and the “Divine Promise of Support” in the Verses Concerning the Battle of Badr(A Case Study of Surahs Āli ʿImrān and Al-Anfāl)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Alinaghi Lezgi 1
Mahdi Esmaili Sadrabadi 2
Amir Mohammad Zanganeh Zaveh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Theology, Imam Ali officers' University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Qurʾanic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
3 Level 4 student of the academic field of Qom, Qom, Iran.
10.22067/jquran.2025.93811.1845
Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges in understanding Qurʾanic-based strategic decision-making is how reliance on divine promises is justified in situations where material calculations portray action as irrational or highly risky. This study aims to clarify the relationship between rational strategic management (material apparent calculations) and the divine promise of victory (unseen causes) in the verses concerning the Battle of Badr, with a case study of Surahs Āli ʿImrān and al-Anfāl. The main question addressed is which of these two factors takes precedence in cases of apparent conflict, and how reliance on divine promise led to victory despite the believers’ material weakness. Using a descriptive–analytical method and library-based sources, the findings show that at Badr, the believers entered the battle despite their material inferiority and contrary to outward calculations, relying on the explicit divine promise of support and fulfilling conditions such as faith, patience, piety, and supplication. Divine will favored the establishment of truth and the defeat of falsehood through confrontation with the well-equipped Quraysh army (dhāt al-shawkah), contrary to the believers’ initial inclination toward engaging the commercial caravan (ghayr dhāt al-shawkah). This victory was realized through divine norms such as divine assistance, unseen aid, vindication of truth, and the acceptance of supplication. The study argues that the Badr paradigm does not represent a conflict between reason and faith, but rather manifests a higher form of rationality in which rational planning operates within faith-centered reasoning and a hierarchical system of causes.
Keywords
Reason-based management
divine support
Battle of Badr
divine norms
defensive governance
Subjects
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Quran and Hadith Studies
Volume 57, Issue 2 - Serial Number 115
Autumn & Winter 2025-2026
February 2026
Pages 217-249

  • Receive Date 10 June 2025
  • Revise Date 18 August 2025
  • Accept Date 06 September 2025