Proving the Extensiveness and predominancy of "the word transmission" in the Shia hadith

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Jamaloddin Heidari Fetrat ¹
• Aliakbar Ansari ²

¹ Instructor and a member of Scientific Department of Fiqh and Usul Higher Education Center, Seminary of Qom, Qom, Iran

² High Level Student, Fiqh and Usul Higher Education Center, Seminary of Qom, Qom, Iran

10.22067/jquran.2024.85146.1632

Abstract

One of the fundamental topics in the history of Shia hadiths is the manner of recording hadiths at the time of issuance. Some important questions are: Have the narrators recorded and transmitted the exact words quoted by the Infallibles (AS), or did they intend to convey only their main meaning and concept? The focus on the realities governing the history of Shia hadiths by using a book-based method shows the extensiveness, authenticity, and predominance of the word transmission in Shia hadiths. Hadith of Shia which has been written and flowed in the forms of hadith books under the supervision of the Infallibles (AS), has faced the lowest damage in the process of its receiving and transmitting. So, "the meaning transmission" which has a close connection with oral narrating, has had the least occurrence in the book-based hadith of Shia. In addition, the hadiths concerning the manner of transmitting the narrations can be considered as another indication of the authenticity of the word transmission in Shia hadith. Although at first glance, the issue of " difference in the text of hadiths" is evidence against the foregoing claim, by considering the field and causes of its occurrence, it becomes clear that it doesn't signify the scope and predominance of the meaning transmission in Shia Hadith.

Keywords

• Word transmission
• Meaning transmission
• History of Shia Hadith
• Writing of hadith
• Oral narrating
• Difference of the hadiths

Main Subjects

• Quran and Hadith Studies

---

References

Abū Dāwud, Sulaymān ibn Ashʻath. Sunan Abī Dāwud. researched by Muḥammad Muḥy al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. Chāp-i Awwal, 1999/1420. 

Abū Rayyah, Maḥmud.  Aḍwāʾ ʻalā al-Sunna al-Muḥammadīya aū difāʻ ʻan al-Ḥadīth. Cairo:: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1944/1323.

Aḥmadī Mīyānjī, ʻAlī. Makātīb al-Rasūl)pbuh(.  Qum: Dār Ḥadīth, 1998/1419.

Akbarnizhād, Muḥammad Taqī. “Bāzkhānī Adilih-yi Muvāfiqān va Mukhālifān Naql bi Maʻnā va Āsār-i  Fiqh al-Ḥadīthī va Sanadī Naql bi Maʻnā”. Majalah-yi  Fiqh. yr. 15, no. 55 (autumn 2009/1387): 65-120.

Akbarnizhād, Muḥammad Taqī. Naql bi Maʻnā Āsār-i  Fiqh al-Ḥadīthī va Rijāl. Qum: Dār al-Fikr, Chāp-i Awwal, 2021/1399.

ʿAlī Shāhī, Abū al-Fażl et al. “Iṣālat-i Naql bi Lafẓ dar Rivāyāt Shiʻah”. Nashrīyh-yi Pazhūhishnāmih-yi ʻUlūm Ḥadīth Taṭbīqī. No. 1 autumn and winter 2021/1399.

ʿAllāmah Ḥillī, Ḥasan  ibn Yūsuf. Mabādī al-Wuṣūl ilā ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. Qum: al-Maṭbaʻa al-ʻIlmīyya, Chāp-i Awwal,  1984/1404.

ʻĀmilī, Ḥusayn  ibn ʿAbd al- Ṣamad. Wuṣūl al-Akhyār ilā Uṣūl Akhbār. Ed. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Kūhkamrī. Qum: Majmʻ  al-Dhakhāʾir al-Islāmīyya. 1981/1401.

ʻĀmilī, Jaʻfar Murtaḍā. al-Ṣaḥīḥ Min Sīra  al-Nabī al-Aʾaẓam al-Fahāris al-Ijmālīya wa al-Tafṣīlīya. Qum: Dār al-Ḥadīth. Chāp-i Awwal, 2005/1426.

Anṣārī, Murtaḍā ibn Muḥammad Amīn. Farāʾid al-Uṣūl. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Panjum, 1995/1416.

Anṣārī, Murtaḍā ibn Muḥammad Amīn. Muṭār al-Anẓār. Qum: Majmaʻ al-Fikr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Duwum, 2005/1383.

Ashʿarī Qumī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. al-Nawādir. Qum: Madrisah-yi Imām Maḥdī(AS), Chāp-i Awwal, 1987/1408.

Baḥrānī, Yūsuf ibn Aḥmad. al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Nāḍira fī Aḥkām al-ʿItra al-Ṭāḥira. Qum:  Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1985/1363.

Burūjirdī, Ḥusayn. al-Aḥādīth al-Maqlūba wa Jawābātihā. translated by Sayyid Muḥammad Riḍā Ḥusaynī Jalālī. S.l. Dār al-Ḥadīth, Chāp-i Awwal, 2000/1379.

Dārimī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān. Sunan Dārimī. ʻArabistān: Dār al-Mughnī, Chāp-i Awwal, 1992/1412.

Dhahabī, Muḥammad  ibn Aḥmad. Tadhkira al-Ḥuffāẓ Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyya, Chāp-i Awwal, 1998/1419.

Dhahabī, Muḥammad  ibn Aḥmad. Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-Mashāhīr wa al-Aʿlām. researched by ʻUmar ʻAbd al-Salām Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻArabī, 1989/1409.

Dirāya al-Nūr, Qum: Markaz-i  Taḥqīqāt-i Kāmpīyūtirī ʿUlūm Islāmī, Vīrāyish 1/2, 2007/1385.

Ḥaydarī, Sayyid Kamāl. al-Tafaqquh fī al-Dīn. Researched by Ḥasan Ṭalāl. Qum: Dār Farāqid, Chāp-i Awwal, 2004/1425.

Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī. ʿAlī Riḍā. Iʿtibārsanjī Aḥādīth Shiʻah: Zīrsākht-hā, Farāyand-hā, Payāmad-hā. S.l. Samt, Chāp-i Duwum, 2020/1398.

Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. al-Khiṣāl. researched by  ʻAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. 1984/1362.

Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. Ikmāl al-Dīn wa Itmām al-Niʻmah. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1975/1395.

Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. researched by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir. Cairo: Dār  al-Ḥadīth. Chāp-i Awwal, 1995/1416.

Ibn Idrīs, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. al-Sarāʾir al-Ḥāwī li-Taḥrīr al-Fatāwī. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Duwwum, 1990/1410.

Ibn Saʻd, Muḥammad ibn Saʻd  Zuharī. al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, Chāp-i Awwal, 1968/1388.

Ibn Shahīd Thānī, Ḥasan ibn Zayn al-Dīn. Maʿālim al-Dīn  wa Malādhdh al-Mujtahidīn. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī, Chāp-i Sīzdahum, 1970/1390.

Ibn Shahīd Thānī, Ḥasan ibn Zayn al-Dīn. Muntaqī al-Jamān fī Aḥādīth al-Ṣiḥāḥ wa al-Ḥisān. ed. ʻAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī, Chāp-i Awwal, 1984/1362.

Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. ed. Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āshtīyānī  va Hāshim Rasūlī. Qum: ʿAllāmah. Chāp-i Aval, 1960/1379.

Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī ibn Mūsā. Muhaj al-Daʿawāt wa Manhaj al-ʿIbādāt. Qum: Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, Chāp-i Awwal,  1991/1411.

Iḥsānīfar Langarūdī, Muḥammad. Asbāb Ikhtilāf al-Ḥadīth. Qum: Dār Ḥadīth, Chāp-i Sivum, 2008/1386.

ʿItr, Nūr al-Dīn. Manhaj al-Naqd fī ʻUlūm Ḥadīth. Dimashq: Dār al-Fikr, Chāp-i Siwum, 1997/1418.

Jāmiʿ al-Aḥādīth. Qum: Markaz-i  Taḥqīqāt-i Kāmpīyūtirī ʿUlūm Islāmī, Vīrāyish 3/5, 2012/1390.

Jāmiʿ Fiqh Aḥl-i Bīyt, Qum: Markaz-i  Taḥqīqāt-i Kāmpīyūtirī ʿUlūm Islāmī, Vīrāyish 2, 2013/1391.

Jindi, ʻAbd al-Ḥalim. al-Imām Jaʻfar  al-Ṣādiq. Egypt: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1119.

Kashshī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. Rijāl al-Kashshī. Ed. Muḥammad Bāqir Mīrdāmād. researched by Mahdī Rajāʾī. Qum: Āl al-Bayt(AS) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth, Chāp-i Awwal, 1984/1404.

Khaṭīb Baghdādī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī. Tārīkh-i Baghdād. Researched by Muṣṭafā ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub-i al-ʻIlmīyya, Chāp-i Awwal,  1997/1417.

Kitābkhānih Jāmiʿ Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Qum: Markaz-i  Taḥqīqāt-i Kāmpīyūtirī ʿUlūm Islāmī, Vīrāyish 2, 2012/1391.

Kulīnī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. al-Kāfī. researched by Mūʾassisa Dār Ḥadīth. Qum: Dār Ḥadīth, Chāp-i Awwal, 2008/1429.

Mahdavīrād, Muḥammad ʿAlī.Tadvīn Ḥadīth Ṣaḥābih va Kitābat Ḥadīth”.Majalih-yi ʻUlūm Ḥadīth. Durih-yi 3, no. 3 (Spring 1998/1376): 10-40.

Majdhūb Tabrīzī, Sharaf al-Dīn Muḥammad. al-Hadāyā li-Shiʻa Aʾimma al-Hudā. Qum: Dār Ḥadīth, Chāp-i Awwal, 2009/1387.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li-Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī. Chāp-i Duwum, 1982/1402.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Mirāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl. ed. Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥalātī, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. Chāp-i Duwum,  1984/1404.

Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Mawsūʿat al-Fiqh al-Islāmī al-Muqārin. researched by Jamʻī az Fuḍalāʾ. Qum:  Dār al-Nashr al-Imām ʻAlī ibn abī Ṭālib (AS). Chāp-i Awwal, 1970/1390.

Māmaqānī, ʻAbd Allah. Miqbās al-Hidāya fī ʻIlm al-Dirāya. researched by Muḥammad Riḍā Māmaqānī. Qum: Āl al-Bayt(AS), Chāp-i Awwal, 1991/1411.

Masʻūdī, ʻAbd  al-Hādī. Āsībshināsī Fahm-i Ḥadīth. Qum:  Zāʾir, Chāp-i Awwal, 2011/1389.

Māzandarānī, Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ ibn Aḥmad. Sharḥ al-Kāfī. researched by Abū al-Ḥasan  Shaʻrānī, Tehran: al-Maktaba Islāmīyya, 1963/1382.

Mīrdāmād, Muḥammad Bāqir. Taʿlīqah ʿalā Uṣūl al-Kāfī. researched byMaḥdī Rajāʾī. Qum: Khayām, Chāp-i Awwal, 1983/1403.

Mīrzā-yi Qumī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad Ḥasan. Qawānīn al-Uṣūl. Tehran: Maktaba al-ʻIlmīyya al-Islāmīya. Chāp-i Duwum, 2000/1378.

Mufīd, ʿAbbās. Tārīkh Ḥadīth Maktūb-i Shiʻah dar Dawrān Nakhustīn. Qum: MaʿārifAḥl-i Bīyt al-Ṭāhirīn(AS), Chāp-i Awwal, 2021/1399.

Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. al-Ikhtiṣāṣ. researched by  ʻAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Qum: Kungirah-yi Hizārih-yi Shaykh Mufīd, 1993/1413.

Mukhbirīyān, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. “Shīʻayān va Kitābat Ḥadīth”. Pazhūhish-hā-yi Rijālī. Durih-yi 4, no. 4 ( Spring 2022/1400): 171-218.

Muntaẓirī, Ḥusayn ʻAlī. al-Badr al-Zāhir fī Ṣalāt al-Jumaʻ wa al-Musāfir. Qum: al-Maktab Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā al-Muntaẓirī, Chāp-i Sivum, 1995/1416.

Mūsavīpūr, Sayyid Aḥmad, Jamāl al-Dīn Ḥaydarī Fiṭrat. “Tahlīl-i Padīdih-yi Tarjamah-yi Żimnī dar Rijāl Najāsh; Gūnih-hā va Dastāvard-hā”.  Pazhūhish-hā-yi Rijālī. Durih-yi 4, no. 4( Spring 2022/1400): 135-170.

Najāsh, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī. Rijāl al-Najāsh. researched by  Sayyid Mūsā  Shubayrī Zanjānī, Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī, Chāp-i Shishum, 1987/1365.

Pūrdawānī, Iḥsān va Jamāl al-Dīn Ḥaydarī Fiṭrat. “Iʿtibārsanjī va Masīryābī Thabt va Intiqāl Aḥādīth Taradudd Khudāvand bi Ravish-i Fihristī”. Safīnih, yr. 20, no. 79 (summer 2023/1402): 9-42.

Qāzvīnī, Khalīl ibn Ghāzī. al-Ṣāfī fī Sharḥ al-Kāfī. Ed. Aḥmadī Julfāyī. researched by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Drāyatī. Qum: Dār Ḥadīth, 1967/1387.

Qurān-i Karīm.

Quṭb Rāwandī, Saʿīd ibn Haba Allāh. Fiqh al-Qurān. ed. Aḥmad Ḥusaynī Ishkavarī va Maḥmud Marʻashī. Qum: Kitābkhānah-yi ʿUmūmī Ḥażrat Āyat Allāh al-Marʻashī, Chāp-i Awwal, 1985/1405.

Rabānī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Āsībshināsī Ḥadīth. Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Rażavī, Bunyād-i Pazhūhish-hā-yi Islāmī Mashhad, Chāp-i Awwal, 2010/1388.

Rijāl Shiʻah, Qum: Markaz-i  Taḥqīqāt-i Kāmpīyūtirī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 2016/1395.

Rustamnizhād, Maḥdī. Naqsh Imām Ṣādiq(AS) dar Ilghāʾ Manʿ Tadvīn Ḥadīth az Manẓar Farīqiyn”. Pazhūhishnāmih-yi ʻUlūm Ḥadīth Taṭbīqī. no. 1 (2015/1393): 55-66.

Ṣafār, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Baṣāiʾr al-Darajāt fī Faḍāʾil Al Muḥammad. researched by Muḥsin ibn ʻAlī Kūchih Bāghī. Qum: Maktaba Āyat Allāh al-Marʻashī al-Najafī, Chāp-i Duwum, 1984/1404.

Shahīd Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn ibn ʿAlī. al-Riʿāya fī Sharḥ al-Bidāyah fī ʻIlm  al-Dirāyah. researched by ʻAbd Ḥusayn Muḥammad ʻAlī Baqāl. Qum: Maktaba Āyat Allāh Marʻashī, Chāp-i Duwum, 1989/1367.

Surkhih-ī, Iḥsān. Rivāyat Kitāb Miḥvar Aḥādīth Shiʻah. Qum: MaʿārifAḥl-i Bīyt al-Ṭāhirīn(AS), Chāp-i Awwal, 2022/1401.

Ṭabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr. Dalāʾil al-Imāma. researched by Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīya Mūʾassisa al-Baʿtha. Qum: Baʿthat, Chāp-i Awwal, 1993/1413.

Ṭabarsī. ʻAlī ibn Ḥasan. Mishkāt al-Anwār fī Ghurar al-Akhbār. Najaf: al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya,1926/1344.

Thaqafī, Ibrāḥīm ibn Muḥammad. al-Ghārāt. Researched by Sayyid Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥaddith. s.l. s.n. s.d.

Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsā. al-Jāmiʿal-Ṣaḥīḥ. researched by Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyya, Chāp-i Awwal, 1988/1408.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. al-Fihrist. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.  1996/1417.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. al-ʿUda  fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. researched by Muḥammad Riḍā Anṣārī, Qum: Sitārih, 1996/1417.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid wa Silāḥ al-Mutaʻabbid. Beirut: Fiqh al-Shiʻa, Chāp-i Awwal, 1991/1411.

Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Rijāl. researched by Jawād al-Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Sivum, 2006/1427.