Solutions for Conflicts in Quranic Theorizing

Document Type : پژوهشی

Author

• Mustafa Karimi

Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute

10.22067/jquran.2023.61516.0

Abstract

The Holy Quran is a divine guide to happiness and perfection. Benefiting from its guidance requires seeking out its opinion on various issues. In order to understand the Qur'an, one must consider all the verses related to the research problem and have a general and collective understanding of them. In some cases, an initial seeming conflict is felt between the verses related to the research problem, which should be resolved through identifying the type of conflict.
Through a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of helping Quranic theorists, this article examines the types of contradictions between the verses and the ways to resolve them. There is no real and irresolvable conflict between the verses of the Qur'an, and if an inconsistency is felt between some of the verses collected to lead us to the opinion of the Holy Quran, we can strengthen and prefer one of the verses with internal or external evidence by using the right solutions. These solutions include: preferring the naṣṣ (a verse with one exclusive and explicit meaning) over the ẓāhir (a verse with different possible meanings, one of which is more acceptable), preferring the specified verse over the general, preferring the general verse that cannot be specified over the general that can be specified, preferring the qualified verse over the absolute, preferring the general verse over the absolute, conventionally narrowing or extending the subject of one of the verses, really narrowing the subject of one of the verses according to religious devotion, considering the subject of each verse to be different in cases where a word has different meanings in the two verses, recognizing different referents of a concept in the two verses, and considering the existence of a special condition in each of the verses.

Keywords

• Quranic theorizing
• conflict between verses
• initial conflict
• recognized conflict
• solutions for conflicts

Main Subjects

• Quran and Hadith Studies

---

References

Ākhūnd Khurāsānī, Muḥammad Kāẓim ibn Ḥusayn. Kifāya al-Uṣūl. Qum: Āl al-Bayt (AS). 1989/1409.

Ālūsī, Maḥmūd  ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Rūḥ al-Maʿānī fī Tafsīr al-Qurān al-ʿAẓīm wa al-Sabʿ al-Mathānī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Tijārīya. 1993/1414.

Anṣārī, Murtaḍā ibn Muḥammad Amīn. Farāʾid al-Uṣūl. Qum: Mūʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī. Chāp-i Panjum, 1995/1416.

Bābāyī, ʻAlī Akbar. Qawāʿid-i Tafsīr. Qum: Pazhūhishgāh Ḥawzah va Dānishgāh. Chāp-i Aval,  2016/1394.

Bābāyī, ʻAlī Akbar. ʿUlūm-i Qurān: Dilālat-hā-yi Qurān-i Karīm. Qum: Pazhūhishgāh Ḥawzah va Dānishgāh. Chāp-i Aval, 2020/1398.

Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dār al-Hijrah. Chāp-i Duvum, 1993/1414.

Hāshimī, Sayyid ʻAlī. Iʿjāz Hamāhangī Āyāt-i Qurān. Qum: Pazhūhishgāh-i ʿUlūm va Farhang-i Islāmī. 2019/1397.

Hūman, Ḥaydar ʻAlī. Shinākht-i Ravish-i ʻIilmī  darʻUlūm-i Raftārī: Pāyih-hā-yi Pazhūhish. Tehran: Piyk-i Farhang. 2006/1384.

Ḥurr ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Wasāʾil al-Shīʻa. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī. 1993/1414.

Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad ibn Fāris. Muʿjam  Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl. Chāp-i Aval, 1991/1411.

Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. Chāp-i Aval, 1993/1414.

Ibn Shahīd Thānī, Ḥasan ibn Zayn al-Dīn. Maʿālim al-Dīn wa Malādhdh al-Mujtahidīn. Daftar Intishārāt-i Islāmī. Chāp-i Nuhum, s.d.

ʿInāyat. Ghāzī. Shubahāt Ḥawla al-Qurān wa Tafnīd-hā. Beirut: al-Hilāl. S.d.

Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Niḥāya al-Drāya fī Sharḥ al-Kifāya. Qum: Sayyīd  al-Shuhadāʾ. 1996/1374.

Karīmī, Muṣṭafā. “Farāyand-i Naẓarīyihpardāzī dar Ḥawzah-yi Tafsīr Mawżū”, Muṭāliʻāt Qurānī va Ḥadīth. no. 25, autumn and winter 2020/1398, 189-217.

Karīmī, Muṣṭafā. Jāmiʿīyat Qurān: Pazhūhishī  dar Qalamrū Mawżūʿī Qurān. Qum: Pazhūhishgāh Farhang va Andīshih-yi Islāmī. 2012/1390.

Karīmī, Muṣṭafā. Vaḥy shināsī. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī. 2008/1386.

Khūʾī, Abū al-Qāsim. al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Qum: Mūʾassisa Iḥyāʾ Āsār-i al-Imām al-Khūʾī. s.d.

Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāḥ. al-Rasāʾil. Qum: Ismāʻīlīyān. Chāp-i Aval, 1990/1410.

Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāḥ. al-Taʿādul va al-Tarjīḥ. Tehran: Mūʾassisa Tanẓīm  va Nashr-i Āsār-i Imām Khumayn. Chāp-i Aval, 1997/1375.

Kulīnī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. al-Kāfī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. Chāp  Panjum, 1985/1363.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li-Durar Akhbār Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Ialāmīyya. s.d.

Maʻrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Shubahāt va Rudūd Ḥawl-i Qurān-i Karīm. Qum: Tamhīd. 2002/1423.

Maʻrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Tārīkh-i Qurān. Tehran: Samt. 1999/1377.

Maʻrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. ʿUlūm Qurānī. Qum: Tamhīd. 2000/1378.

Mīrzā-yi Qumī, Abū al-Qāsim. Qawānīn al-Uṣūl. Tehran: Maktaba al-ʻIlmīyya al-Islāmīya. Chāp-i Duvūm, 2000/1378.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī. Muḥammad Taqī. Maʿārif-i Qurān: Rāh va Rāhnamāshināsī. Ed. Muṣṭafā Karīmī. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī. Chāp-i Duvūm, 2020/1398.

Miṣbāḥ Yazdī. Muḥammad Taqī. Qurānshināsī. Nigārish: Maḥmūd Rajabī. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī  va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī. 2009/1387.

Muḥammadī, ʻAlī. Sharḥ Kifāya al-Uṣūl. Qum: Imām Ḥasan  ibn ʻAlī. 2004/1382.

Muḥammadī, Ḥusayn, Sayyid Muḥammad Mūsavī  Muqadam. “Naqd va Barrisī Ingārih-yi Taʿāruḍ Āyāt-i Qurān dar Ḥurmat va Ḥilīyat Izdvāj bā Ahl Kitāb”, Fiqh va Ḥuqūq Islāmī. no. 8, spring and summer  2019/1397, 57-82.

Muttaqī, ʻAlī ibn Ḥisām al-Dīn. Kanz al-ʿUmmāl. Beirut: Risālah. 1989/1409.

Muẓaffar, Muḥammad Riḍā. al-Manṭiq. Najaf: al-Nuʿmān. Chāp-i Duvūm, 1968/1388.

Muẓaffar, Muḥammad Riḍā. Uṣūl  al-Fiqh. Qum: Ismāʻilīyān. 1988/1408.

Nāʾīnī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Fawāʾid al-Uṣūl. Muqarr: Muḥammad Kāẓim Khurāsānī. Qum: Daftar Intishārāt-i Islāmī. Chāp-i Aval,  1998/1376.

Qumī, ʻAlī  ibn Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr Mansūb bi Qumī. researched by Sayyid Ṭīb Musavī  Jazāyrī.  Qum: Dār al-Kitāb. Chāp-i Chāhārum, 1989/1367.

Qurān-i Karīm

Rafīʿpūr, Farāmarz. Kandukāv va Pindāshtih-hā. Tehran: Shirdat-i  Sahāmī Intishār. 1969/1347.

Ṣādiqī, Ḥasan. “Taʿāruż-i  Adalih va Naqsh-i ān dar Tafsīr bā Taʾkīd bar Dīdgāh-i ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī”. Maʿrifat. no. 204, 2015/1393, 87-106.

Ṣadr, Muḥammad Bāqir.  Buḥūth fī ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. Muqarr: Maḥmud Hāshimī  Shāhrūdī. Qum: Mūʾassisa Dāyrah al-Maʿārif  al-Fiqh Islāmī. 2005/1426.

Ṣadr, Muḥammad Bāqir.  Durūs fī ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. Qum: Daftar Intishārāt-i Islāmī.  1997/1418.

Ṣadr, Muḥammad Bāqir. al-Madrisa al-Qurānīya. Qum: Markaz al-Ibḥāth wa al-Dirāsāt al-Takhaṣuṣīya l-l-Shahīd Ṣadr. Chāp-i Aval, 2000/1421.

Sājidī, Abū al-Fażl.  “Vāqiʿnamāyī Guzārih-hā-yi Qurānī: Taʾmulī  dar Miʿyār-hā-yi  Ghīr-i shinākhtārī dar Fahm-i Zabān-i Qurān”, Qabasāt. No. 25, 2003/1381, 26-38.

Sharīf al-Raḍī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn. Nahj al-Balāgha. Nuskhah-yi Ṣubḥī Ṣāliḥ.

Sulṭānī Biyrāmī, Ismāʻīl. Iʿjāz Qurān dar Pīrāstigī az Ikhtilāf va Naqd-i Shubahāt. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Āmūzishī va Pazhūhishī Imām Khumiynī. 2018/1396.

Suyūtī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn abī bakr. al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurān. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī. 2000/1421.

Ṭabarsī. Faḍl ibn Ḥasan. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. researched by Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥalātī, Faḍl Allāh Yazdī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa Chāp-i Duvum, 1988/1408.

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Qum: Daftar Intishārāt-i Islāmī,  1996/1417.

Taftāzānī, Masʿūd  ibn ʻUmar. Sharḥ al-Maqāṣid. researched by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿUmayrah. Qum: Sharīf al-Raḍī. 1989/1409.

Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad. Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn. Beirut: al-Hilāl. 1985.

Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim. al-Taʿāruḍ. Qum: Madīn. Chāp-i Aval, 2005/1426.

Zarkashī, Muḥammad ibn Bahādur. al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurān, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1988/1408.