Evaluating Translations of Derivatives of the Root "Tha-na-ya" in Contemporary Persian Translations of the Holy Quran

Document Type : Original Article

Author

• Abazar Kafi Musavi

Assistant professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

10.22067/jquran.2023.81914.1504

Abstract

Translating the Quran is a bridge for transmitting the Divine message to its non-Arab audiences. Translators try to render both the denotation and connotation of the divine eloquent words correctly and completely from Arabic to other languages. Still, sometimes due to the broad range of some words and the diversity of their usages, it is difficult for them to find an exact equivalent and correct meaning. So, different translations have been given for a single phrase.  Derivatives of the root "tha-na-ya" are examples of these words. In this study, by using a critical-analytical method, renderings of these derivatives in the contemporary Persian translations of the Holy Quran have been examined. Firstly, by using lexical sources and considering the context of the verses, a correct equivalent for each of them has been chosen. Then, based on them, the contemporary translations have been evaluated. According to the results, some derivatives of the root "tha-na-ya" have been used in the primary meanings of flexibility, giving up, and exception. However, as the root has been mostly used in the numerical meanings of two and twelve, it has been translated to these numerical meanings.

Keywords

• Contemporary translation
• the root "tha-na-ya"
• Translation of the Quran
• Context of the Sura

Main Subjects

• Quran and Hadith Studies

---

References

Ālūsī, Maḥmūd  ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Rūḥ al-Maʿānī fī Tafsīr al-Qurān al-ʿAẓīm wa al-Sabʿ al-Mathānī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyya, 1994/1415.

ʻĀmilī, Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr ʻĀmilī. Tehran: Ṣadūq. 1982/1360.

Anṣārīyān, Ḥusayn. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Qum: Usvih, 2005/1383.

Āyatī, ʻAbd al-Muḥammad. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Surūsh, 1996/1374.

Baḥrānī, Hāshim ibn Sulaymān. al-Burhān fī Tafsīr-i al-Qurān. Tehran: Bunyād Baʿtha. 1995/1416.

Bayḍāwī, ʻAbd Allah ibn ʻUmar. Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʾwīl. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī.1997/1418.

Fakhr Rāzī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī, 1999/1420.

Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. Kitāb al-ʻAyn. Qum: Hijrat. 1990/1410.

Garmārūdī, Sayyid ʻAlī. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Qadyānī, 2006/1384.

Ḥaqī Brūsawī, Ismāʻīl. Tafsīr Rūḥ al-Bayān. Beirut: Dar Fikr, s.d.

Ḥasan, ʻAbbās. al-Naḥw al-Wāfī, Miṣr: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1966/1385.

Ḥujatī, Sayyid Mahdī. Gulī az Būstān-i Khudā. Qum: Bakhshāyish ʻAlam al-Hudā, 2006/1384.

Ḥusaynī Shāh ʻAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Ḥusayn  ibn Aḥmad. Tafsīr Ithnā ʻAsharī. Tehran: Mīqāt, 1983/1361.

Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 1993/1414.

Ilāhī Qumshah-ī, Mahdī. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ, 2002/1380.

Iqbālī, ʿAbbās, Zuhrih Zarkār. “Naqd Tarjamah-yi Kināyih dar Tarjamah-hā-yi Fārsī Qurān”. Pazhūhish Dīnī. No. 26 (2014/1392): 1-23.

Kāvīyānpūr, Aḥmad. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Iqbāl, 2000/1378.

Khaṭīb, ʻAbd al-Karīm. al-Tafsīr al-Qurānī li-l-Qurān. Beirut: Dar Fikr al-ʻArabī, s.d.

Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Qum: Dār al-Qurān al-Karīm, 1995/1373.

Miṣbāḥ, ʿAbbās. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Badraqih-yi Jāvīdān, 2002/1380.

Mishkīnī,  ʻAlī. Tarjamah-yi Qurān.  Qum: al-Hādī, 2003/1381.

Muṣṭafavī, Ḥasan. Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalamāt al-Qurān al-Karīm. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjamah va Nashr-i Kitāb, 1990/1368.

Qurān-i Karīm.

Qurashī, Sayyid ʻAlī Akbar. Tafsīr Aḥsan al-Ḥadīth. Tehran: Bunyād-i Biʿthat. 1999/1377.

Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn  ibn Muḥammad. al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qurān. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm. 1992/1412.

Riżāyī Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad ʻAlī et al.  Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Qum: Mūʾassisah-yi Taḥqīqātī Farhangī Dār al-Dhikr, 2005/1383.

Ṣalavātī, Maḥmūd. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Mubārak, 2009/1387.

Suyūtī,  ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn abī bakr. al-Bahja al-Marḍīya fī Sharḥ al-Alfīya. Qum: Dār al-Hijrah, 1958/1377.

Ṭabarsī. Faḍl ibn Ḥasan. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusrū. 1994/1372.

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Qum: Daftar Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1996/1417.

Ṭāhirī Qāzvīnī, ʻAlī Akbar. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. Tehran: Qalam, 2002/1380.

Tayib Ḥusaynī, Sayyid Maḥmud. Dar Āmadī  bar Mufradāt Qurān. Qum: Pazhūhishgāh Ḥawzah va Dānishgāh, 2015/1393.

Yāsirī, Maḥmud. Tarjamah-yi Qurān. researched by Mahdī Ḥāʾirī Tihrānī. Qum:  Bunyād Farhangī Imām Maḥdī(AS). 1994/1415.

Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd ibn ʻUmar. al-Kashāf ʿan Ḥaqāʾiq Ghawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl wa ʻUyūn al-Aqāwīl fī Wujūh al-Taʾwī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, 1987/1407.