A Comprehensive Model of Glorifying the Holy Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.T.) based on the Analysis of the Content of Imam Sajjad's (P.B.U.H.) ‘Arafah Prayer

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Quranic Studies and Hadith, Faculty of Theology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

3 MA graduate, Alzahra University

Abstract

One of the most frequently repeated sentences in the narrated supplications, especially the supplications quoted from Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) in al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādiyya, is the invocation of ṣalawāt (blessings upon Muhammad and his family (P.B.U.T.)). Various reasons have been expressed for this, the most important of which is that it is an attempt to explain the true position of Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.T.) in the Islamic society. Nevertheless, it is still a question how and with what strategies Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) did this, and what expressions he did use to introduce them in ṣalawāt, and finally what a model he offered for glorifying this family and introducing their high status and dignity. In this article, we try to qualitatively and descriptively analyze the set of themes expressed about this issue, and finally infer a comprehensive model of glorifying the Holy Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt (P.B.U.T.). The research findings show that these contents can be classified under five categories with many details, which are as follows: the definition of glorification, features to be glorified, characteristics of desirable glorification, effects of glorification, and introduction of glorifiers.

Keywords

Main Subjects


ʻAlī  ibn Ḥusayn, Imām Chāhārum. Ṣaḥīfah-yi Sajādīyah. Translated by Ḥusayn  Ustād Valī. Tehran: al-Hādī. s.d.
Amīn ʻĀmilī, Muḥsin. al-Baḥr al-Zakhkhār. Beirut: Shirka li-l-Ṭibāʻa wa-al-Nashr.1983/1403.  
ʿAskarī, Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd Allah. al-Furūq fī al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda. 2022/1400.
Azharī, Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad. Tahdhīb al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār Ihyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 2000/1421.
Bardin, Laurence. Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavā. translated by Malīhih Āshtīyānī va Muḥammad Yamanī Davzī. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. 1997/1375.
Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl. Ṣaḥīḥ  al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāh. 2001/1422.
Faḍl Allāh, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Min Vaḥy Qurān. Beirut:  Dār al-Malāk. 1998/1419.
Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. al-ʻAyn. Qum: Hijrat. 1989/1409.
Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. Miṣbā  al-Munīr  fī Gharīb al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr li-l-Rāfiʻī. Qum: Dār al-Hijrah. 1993/1414.
Fāżilī, Qādir. ʿIrfān-i ʿArafah. Qum: Surūsh. 2008/1386.
Ḥimyarī, Nashwān ibn Saʿīd. Shams al-ʿUlūm wa Dawāʾ Kalām al-ʿArab min al-Kulūm. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr. 1999/1420.
Holsti, Ole R. Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavā dar ʻUlūm Ijtimāʻī va Insānī. Translated by Nādir Sālārzādih Amīrī. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaʾi University. 1995/1373.
Ibn Athīr, Mubārak ibn Muḥammad. al-Niāya  fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth  wa al-Athar. Qum: Ismāʻīlīyān, 1989/1367.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. al-Amālī. Tehran: Kitābchī. 1998/1376.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. Thawāb al-Aʻmāl wa ʻIqāb al-Aʻmāl. Qum: Dār al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. 1986/1406.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. ʻUyūn Akhbār al-Riżā(AS). Tehran: Jahān. 1983/1403.
Ibn Durayd, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. Jamhara al-Lugha. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm li-l-Malāyīn. 1988. 1408.
Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad ibn Fāris. Muʿjam  Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Qum: Maktab al-Iʻlām al-Islāmī. 1984/1404.
Ibn Ḥajar Haythamī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. al-Ṣawāʿiq al-Muḥriqa fī al-Radd ʿalā Ahl al-Bidaʿ wa al-Zandaqa. Beirut: Risālah. 1996/1417.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 1993/1414.
Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. Maʿālim ʿUlamāʾ Fihrist Kutub Shiʻa wa al-Asmāʾ al-Muṣannifīn minhum Qadīman wa Ḥadīthan. Najaf: Maṭbaʻa al-Ḥydarīyya. 1961/1380.
Ibn Sīda, ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl. al-Muḥkam wa al-Muḥīṭ al-Aʻẓam. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub-i al-ʻIlmīyya. 2000/1421.
Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʻAlī ibn Mūsā. Iqbāl al-Aʿmāl al-asana fīmā Yuʿmalu Marratan fī al-Sana. researched by  Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qum: Maktab al-Iʻlām al-Islāmī. 1998/1419.
ʿItrat Dust, Muḥammad va Fāʾizih Muḥammadī, bī bī Sādāt Rażī Bahābādī. “Imāmshināsī Mubtanī bar Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavāy  Duʿā-yi ʿArafah-yi Imām Sajād(AS)”. Safīnih. No. 74, 2023/1401, 138-169.
ʿItrat Dust, Muḥammad. Āshināyī bā Ravish Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavāy Nuṣūṣ-i Dīnī. Tehran: Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University. 2023/1401.
Javādī ʻĀmilī. ʻAbd Allah. Adab Fanāy Muqarabān. Qum: Asrāʾ. 2012/1390.
Javādī ʻĀmilī. ʻAbd Allah. Tafsīr Mawżūʿī Qurān-i Karīm. Qum: Asrāʾ. 1998/1376.
Jawharī, Ismāʻīl  ibn Ḥammād. al-Ṣiḥāḥ: Tāj al-Lugha wa ṢiḥāʿArabīya. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm li-l-Malāyīn. 1957/1376.
Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm  ibn ʻAlī. al-Balad al-Amīn wa al-Dirʿ al-Ḥaṣīn. Beirut: Aʻlamī. 1997/1418.
Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm  ibn ʻAlī. Miṣbā. Qum: Dār al-Raḍī. 1985/1405.
Karīmzādih, Nargis. Mustanadāt-i Qurānī Duʿā-yi ʿArafah-yi Imām Sajād(AS). Tehran: Hājar. 2017/1395.
Krippendorff, Klaus. Mabānī Ravishshināsī Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavā. translated  by Hūshang Nāʾīnī. Tehran: Ravish. 2000/1378.
Kulīnī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb. al-Kāfī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 1987/1407.
Madanī, ʻAlī Khān ibn Muḥammad. Riyāḍ al-Sālikīn fī Sharḥ al-Ṣaḥīfah Sayyid al-Sājjidīn. Qum: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1989/1409.
Maḥalātī, Ḥīdar. “ Barrisī Taṭbīqī-i Duʿā-yi ʿArafah-yi  Imām Ḥusayn)AS)  va yi  Imām Sajād)AS)”. Āyat Bustān; Pazhūhnāmah-yi Maʿārif  Ḥusaynī. No. 4, 2017/1395, 106-122.
Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li-Durar Akhbār Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Tūrāth al-ʻArabī. 1983/1403.
Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī. Mirāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 1984/1404.
Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ʿIrfān-i Islāmī; Sharḥī  Jāmiʿ bar Ṣaḥīfah-yi Sajādīyah. Qum: Imām  ʻAlī ibn abī Ṭālib (AS). 2016/1394.
Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i  Numūnah. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 1993/1371.
Miṣbāḥ. Muḥammad Taqī. Falsafah-yi Akhlāq. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr. 2003/1381.
Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. al-Muqniʿa. Qum: Kugirih-yi Shaykh-i Mufīd  1993/1413.
Muḥammadī, Fāʾizih. Taḥlīl-i Muḥtavāy Duʿā-yi ʿArafah-yi  Ṣaḥīfah-yi Sajādīyah,  Pāyānnāmah-yi Durih-yi  Kārshināsī Arshad bi Rāhnamāī bī bī Sādāt Rażī Bahābādī. Tehran: al-Zahra University. 2021/1399
Murtaā Zabīdī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1993/1414.
Muṣṭafavī, Ḥasan. Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalamāt al-Qurān al-Karīm. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjamah va Nashr-i Kitāb.1982/1360
Muttaqī, ʻAlī ibn Ḥisām al-Dīn. Kanz al-ʿUmmāl fī Sunan al-Aqwāl wa al-Afʿāl. Beirut: Risālah. 1981/1401.
Narāqī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Mahdī. Miʿ rāj al-Saʿāda. Tehran: Ḥawzah-yi ʻIlmīyah-yi Islāmī.1929/1348.
Narāqī, Mahdī  ibn Abīzar. Jāmiʿ al-Saʿādāt. Beirut: Aʻlamī. s.d.
Qumī, ʻAlī  ibn Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr al-Qumī. Qum: Dār Kitāb. 1985/1363.
Qurān-i Karīm. translated by Muḥammad Mahdī Fūlādvand. Tehran: Daftar Muṭāliʿāt Tārīkh va Maʿārif-i Islāmī.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn  ibn Muḥammad. al-Mufradāt Alfā Qurān. Beirut:  Dār al-Qalam. 1992/1412.
ābūnī, Muḥammad ʻAlī. Ṣafa al-Tafāsīr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 2000/1421.
āḥib ibn ʻAbād. Ismāʻīl ibn ʻAbād. Al-Muīṭ fī al-Lugha. Beirut: ʿĀlim al-Lugha. 1993/1414.
āḥib Jawāhir. Muḥammad Ḥasan ibn Bāqir. Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿal-Isl ām. Beirut: Dār Ihyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 1984/1362.
Ṭabarsī. Faḍl ibn Ḥasan. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusrū. 1994/1372.
Ṭabāabāyī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurān. Beirut:  Aʻlamī. 1970/1390.
Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad. Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn. Tehran: Murtażavī. 1997/1375.
 
 
CAPTCHA Image